This is the first critical, in-depth study of the anarchist movement in Cuba in the three decades after the republic's independence from Spain in 1898. Kirwin Shaffer shows that anarchists played a significant - until now littleknown - role among Cuban leftists in shaping issues of health, education, immigration, the environment, and working-class internationalism. They also criticised the state of racial politics, cultural practices, and the conditions of children and women on the island. In the chaotic new country, members of the anarchist movement interpreted the War for Independence and the revolutionary ideas of patriot Jose Marti from a Far-Left perspective, embarking on a nationwide debate with the larger Cuban establishment about what it meant to be 'Cuban.' To counter the dominant culture, the anarchists created their own initiatives to help people schools, health institutes, vegetarian restaurants, theater and fiction writing groups, and occasional calls for nudism - and as a result they challenged both the existing elite and the occcupying U.S. military forces. Shaffer also focuses on what anarchists did to prepare the masses for a social revolution. While many of their ideals flowed from Europe, and in particular from Spain, their programs, criticisms, and literature reflected the specifics of Cuban reality and appealed to Cuba's popular classes. Using theories of working-class internationalism, countercultures, popular culture, and social movements, Shaffer analyses archival records, pamphlets, newspapers, and novels, showing how the anarchist movement in republican Cuba helped shape the country's early leftist revolutionary agenda. Shaffer's portrait of the conflict between anarchists and their enemies illuminates the multiple forces that pervaded life on the island in the twentieth century, until the rise of the Gerardo Machado dictatorship in the 1920s. This important book places anarchism in its rightful historical place as a vital current within Cuban radical political culture.
